Hafnium—crystal bar made by the Van Arkel–de Boer process
The Van Arkel–de Boer process, also known as ”hot wire process” or ”iodide process”, is commonly used to produce high purity titanium, zirconium and other high melting point metals. It works in a simular way to CVT (more in the “Project—crystallology”). Raw Hf metal is first reacted with iodine at few hundreds degree in a furnace. Then, the chemical forming decomposes on a hot wire, at 1200-1800ºC.