Ion mobility spectroscopy, or IMS, is a technology that analyzes the components in a gas by separating the ions inside. With an ion source that ionizes the gas, the ions are traveling across an electrical field, where ions traveling at different velocities (mainly due to different masses) arrive the destination at different times. When one …
X-ray detector is a key component of instruments like XRF, XRD, which are used to characterize a material’s component. Among different x-ray detectors like CsI, Si(Li), SDD, Si-PIN, the later two silicon-based detectors are the most popular ones due to the low production cost, small size, and high spectrum resolution. The XR-100CR is a Si-PIN …
Scroll vacuum pumps, or dry pumps, are mainly used in vacuum systems requiring a clean condition, free of oil vapor contamination from normal oil-sealed pumps like rotary vane pumps. Scroll vacuum pumps have one or two stages of orbiting plates, compressing gases to the center of the plates and sucking the molecules out. The video …
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There are two main groups of superconductor, type I and type II. For the type I superconductors, they normally require a lower temperature to gain superconductivity while having a smaller critical current and magnetic field. Scientists later discovered BCS theory that explained how these superconductors work. When one electron enters a crystal lattice, it attracts …
Read more “Make Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide (YBCO) Superconductor”
Gamma Detector: Type: 90CC CsI(Tl) scintillator Energy Range: 30keV – 3MeV Sensitivity: 1400cps/μSv/h (Cs-137) Built-in Multichannel: 512 or 1024 channels Maximum Display Count Rate: 99999cps Range: 10nSv/h – 100μSv/h (137Cs) Gamma Detector (High Range): Type: Silicon diode Energy Range: 50keV – 6MeV Sensitivity: 0.03cps/μSv/h (137Cs) Range: 10nSv/h – 10Sv/h (137Cs) Neutron Detector: Type: LiI(Eu) scintillator …
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HPGe is the best detector for gamma-ray spectroscopy, with a resolution <0.3%. HPGe detector is similar to a PN diode, where a bias voltage (several kV) creates a depleted region. This region is sensitive to ionizing radiations, especially X-ray and gamma ray. When a high energy photon from such radiations interact with the material in …
XRF is one of the most commonly used technologies applying nuclear spectroscopy. It applies x-ray to excite electrons in the atoms of a sample, and the x-ray detector can determine the energies emitted from the excited atoms. This type of spectrum is called x-ray fluorescence spectrum, useful in quantitatively determining the identity and concentration of …
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The Van Arkel–de Boer process, also known as ”hot wire process” or ”iodide process”, is commonly used to produce high purity titanium, zirconium and other high melting point metals. It works in a simular way to CVT (more in the “Project—crystallology”). Raw Hf metal is first reacted with iodine at few hundreds degree in a furnace. Then, the chemical forming decomposes on a hot wire, at 1200-1800ºC.
The Van Arkel–de Boer process, also known as ”hot wire process” or ”iodide process”, is commonly used to produce high purity titanium, zirconium and other high melting point metals. It works in a simular way to CVT (more in the “Project—crystallology”). Raw Ti metal is first reacted with iodine at few hundreds degree in a furnace. Then, the chemical forming decomposes on a hot wire, at 1200-1800ºC.
Although all the crystals are produced via melton salt electrolysis, you can see that the crystal shapes in each tube are different, as a result of the change in grain sizes. This is probably caused by various currents applied.
